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本文由简至繁介绍如何在安装包中配置环境变量。
关于Environment元素的属性说明见：Wix Toolset基础 —— 环境变量设置

本文示例代码：Jess.Sample.Setup.Environment

基础配置示例

本文环境变量设置功能实现的是：将软件安装目录添加到系统环境变量 Path 的末尾处。

首先先看下最简配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Wix xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wix/2006/wi"
    xmlns:util="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wix/UtilExtension" >

  <Product Id="*" Name="环境变量设置Sample"
          Language="2052" Codepage="936"
          Version="1.0.0.0" Manufacturer="Jess"
          UpgradeCode="{6C0C1D6D-80CF-4074-AC42-5ADBD7E4087F}">
    <Package InstallerVersion="300" Compressed="yes" InstallScope="perMachine" SummaryCodepage="936" />

    <MediaTemplate EmbedCab="yes" />

    <UIRef Id="WixUI_Minimal"/>
    <Property Id="WIXUI_INSTALLDIR" Value="INSTALLLOCATION" />

    <Feature Id="ProductFeature" Title="Wix环境变量设置" Level="1">
      <ComponentGroupRef Id="ProductComponents" />
    </Feature>
  </Product>

  <Fragment>
    <Directory Id="TARGETDIR" Name="SourceDir">
      <Directory Id="ProgramFiles64Folder">
        <Directory Id="INSTALLLOCATION" Name="EnvSample">
        </Directory>
      </Directory>
    </Directory>
  </Fragment>

  <Fragment>
    <ComponentGroup Id="ProductComponents" >
      <Component Id="cmpEnvSample" Guid="{63B3AF3B-94BB-4D3D-8D24-A0772CA5CFAA}" Directory="INSTALLLOCATION">
        <CreateFolder />
        <!--系统环境变量Path中添加路径-->
        <Environment Id="EnvSamplePath" Action="set" Part="last" Name="Path" Permanent="no" System="yes" Value="[INSTALLLOCATION]" />
      </Component>
    </ComponentGroup>
  </Fragment>

</Wix>

其核心就一句话：<Environment Id="EnvSamplePath" Action="set" Part="last" Name="Path" Permanent="no" System="yes" Value="[INSTALLLOCATION]" />

控制环境变量设置时机

软件安装过程中，环境变量的设置，可能需要在某一步骤之后，即需要控制Wix安装的Action顺序。
例如环境变量的写入需要在卸载之后，配置如下：

<?define ProductVersion="1.0.0.0" ?>

<Product Id="*" Name="环境变量设置Sample"
        Language="2052" Codepage="936"
        Version="1.0.0.0" Manufacturer="Jess"
        UpgradeCode="{6C0C1D6D-80CF-4074-AC42-5ADBD7E4087F}">
    <Package InstallerVersion="300" Compressed="yes" InstallScope="perMachine" SummaryCodepage="936" />

    <MediaTemplate EmbedCab="yes" />

    <UIRef Id="WixUI_Minimal"/>
    <Property Id="WIXUI_INSTALLDIR" Value="INSTALLLOCATION" />

    <Feature Id="ProductFeature" Title="Wix环境变量设置" Level="1">
        <ComponentGroupRef Id="ProductComponents" />
    </Feature>

    <Upgrade Id="{6C0C1D6D-80CF-4074-AC42-5ADBD7E4087F}">
        <UpgradeVersion OnlyDetect='no' Property='SELFFOUND'
            Minimum='$(var.ProductVersion)' IncludeMinimum='yes'
            Maximum='$(var.ProductVersion)' IncludeMaximum='yes' />
        <UpgradeVersion OnlyDetect='no' Property='PREVIOUSFOUND'
            Minimum='0.0.0.1' IncludeMinimum='yes'
            Maximum='$(var.ProductVersion)' IncludeMaximum='yes' />
        <UpgradeVersion OnlyDetect='no' Property='NEWERFOUND'
            Minimum='$(var.ProductVersion)' IncludeMinimum='yes' />
    </Upgrade>

    <InstallExecuteSequence>
        <RemoveExistingProducts Before='InstallInitialize' />
        <WriteEnvironmentStrings />
    </InstallExecuteSequence>
</Product>

核心就是在InstallExecuteSequence中添加WriteEnvironmentStrings执行步骤，也可以直接设置Sequence属性：<WriteEnvironmentStrings Sequence="1" />

控制环境变量设置条件

在某些情况下，环境变量的设置需要添加条件判断，如通过Bootstrap安装时，外部传入的参数，标记不需要添加环境变量。

以下配置添加了EnableEnv属性控制是否设置环境变量：

<InstallExecuteSequence>
    <WriteEnvironmentStrings>EnableEnv=1</WriteEnvironmentStrings>     
</InstallExecuteSequence>

<Property Id="EnableEnv" Value="1"></Property>

另外，也可以直接设置Suppress属性禁用环境变量设置<WriteEnvironmentStrings Suppress="yes" />。

理：奇葩史